At enough time of the development of Hwaseong, he put in lots of money, so he needed to explain to his descendants how it had been produced, so he manufactured the Hwaseong Sanctuary Uigwe, which eventually became an awesome source of strength for his descendants. until 2017??18|eighteen}. On the other hand, Cho became the league's totally free-toss percentage leader for four consecutive seasons. In January 2017, KT Sonicboom's management shocked pundits and observers by announcing that Cho, who was the group's longest-serving player and regarded as being its franchise star, might be traded to Changwon LG Sakers in Trade for one more participant and its best-drawn decide on of your upcoming rookie draft. At the moment, it was unheard of in the KBL to get a group go through this sort of an extent to secure a choose in a rookie draft.[14] The drafting of the collegiate U-League's two biggest potential customers Heo Hoon and Yang Hong-seok inside the 2017 rookie draft along with the arrival of new head coach Search engine marketing Dong-chul in 2018 observed KT Sonicboom rise to be a contender for the play-offs once again.|Apparently each massive EPIK orientation visited this village, so I?�m just a little bitter because I in no way acquired an orientation and therefore have nonetheless to check out this put. It?�s significant on introducing you to definitely Joseon dynasty lifetime, that is exactly where a lot of Korea?�s common tradition originates from!|The northern gate, known as Janganmun Gate, was the most crucial entrance to Hwaseong Fortress, and is particularly the biggest with the 4 entrances. It?�s the just one the king would pass through when coming from Seoul, and it has a grand two-story setting up earlier mentioned the stone foundation.|While there were structures within the centre of the town ??the most distinguished 1 remaining a palace known as Hwaseong Haenggung ??the really crucial aspect of Hwaseong Fortress was the wall that went round the site.|You can even head nearly Daeseungwon (?�?�원) when you finally?�re done for the palace to go to the towering gold Buddha statue.|The two the north and south gates are topped with two-storey wood pavilions, whilst Hwaseomun's and Changyongmun's, All those of your west and east gates respectively, have only one storey. The four most important gates are encircled by miniature fortresses which had been manned by guards. In the meantime, Changyoungmun was tremendously ruined in the course of the Korean War and it absolutely was restored in 1978.|The dimensions of forty six football stadiums, this sprawling buying intricate is home to plenty of retail merchants and exceptional facilities. Starfield Suwon continues to be specially built to cater to the fashionable hobbies of people of their 20s and 30s. |Cite Whilst each exertion has actually been designed to stick to citation design regulations, there may be some discrepancies. Be sure to confer with the right fashion manual or other resources Should you have any inquiries. Pick Citation Style| Italian chef Fabrizio Ferrari, who accompanied Yu on his Suwon take a look at, told the press that he knowledgeable kindness and vibrancy permeating the marketplace. ?�I strongly think that traveling to a conventional market place in Korea is a novel, ought to-do vacationer activity,??he explained. ?�And like a chef, it was a refreshing and enriching gastronomic knowledge.?? Korea Tourism Group (KTO)?�s Worldwide social media marketing reporter for Japanese protection Ayane Oomomo said that she appreciated the ?�bona fide ambiance??in the marketplaces in Suwon.|Walking The trail that follows the wall is The easiest way to check out Suwon Hwaseong Fortress since it prospects you previous all the primary characteristics, with smaller constructions at regular intervals along the circumference.|Having a hike throughout the fortress grounds and admire sweeping sights of the city beneath, wander alongside the sting with the wall, or simply choose pics from the gates and palace grounds as you check out the rest of this metropolis... Suwon has some genuinely stunning sights to get pleasure from that just can not be present in Seoul.|The jap gate, Changryongmun Gate, is not hard to overlook mainly because it?�s just across from a considerable command put up (extra on that in a very next) and several visitors strolling the wall route will take a shortcut that goes before it, rather than about it. Still, What's more, it has a sublime layout with a single Tale tower and semicircular base.}
Every day following the battle, American troops were pressured to retreat southwards because they lost more than 100 soldiers. The North Korean occupation of Osan was impeded by about 7 hrs. Once the war, Suwon wound up under the South Korean authorities.
KT Sonicboom grew to become the new tenant in the Chilbo Gymnasium, which was residence to Busan BNK Sum to the 2018??9 period and hosted some U-League video games.[18] It was renovated and renamed Suwon KT Sonicboom Arena as a result of an agreement While using the Suwon town govt; the workforce purchased the naming rights and paid for the renovation though town govt retains possession and supports its marketing and advertising attempts.
Suwon is located just south of Seoul, making it easy to get right here on each day journey via public transportation, such as buses, trains, and the Seoul Subway Method.
The bridge capabilities nine arches for your h2o to stream underneath, two more than Hwahongmun as a result of rise in water move. This individual place was viewed as a weak level within the fortress' defenses, and so a substantial brick construction overlooking the stream was built higher than the bridge. A characteristic distinctive to Namsumun, this defensive framework comprises an entire two-thirds of your gate's overall height earlier mentioned the arches, With all the bridge accounting with the remaining just one-third. Notably, Hwahongmun doesn't have an analogous framework and it is alternatively guarded by reduced stone partitions along with a wood gatehouse.
When the remainder of the stronghold was done, Yeonmudae experienced a secondary part as being a schooling spot for soldiers, where by for another two hundreds of years they would develop into proficient in handling bows, swords and spears.
amongst three tree frogs to inhabit the Korean peninsula??181][182] was uncovered in Suwon around 1980, but on account of city sprawl it really is no more located in the city.|Paldalmun, identified domestically as Nammun (South Gate), sits in the course of a roundabout on a occupied most important road in central Suwon. Its stone foundation is capped having a two-storey wood pavilion surrounded by a stone wall. A small, semi-round protective wall often called an ongseong, is located within the south facet (outside) of your gate. The gate also properties a bell identified as Paldalmun Dongjong, which was originally Forged in Gaeseong in 1080 and was refounded in 1687 by Dohwaseung, the chief priest of Manuisa Temple, for use in Buddhist ceremonies. Standing 123 cm tall and seventy five cm in diameter, it hangs from the dragon-shaped suspension ring, provides a flue pipe to established the tone and it has a rather curved entire body - characteristics that are common of Korean bells of that era.|A great deal of the palace was demolished over the Japanese profession in the initial half on the 20th century, but restoration perform started out in 1996 along with the palace opened its doorways once again in 2003.| Yu incorporates a Exclusive tie with the marketplace, as he spearheaded the marketplace?�s rebranding 15 many years ago in a bid to revitalize conventional marketplaces by enriching the society of your suppliers. Among the list of outcomes was the Neighborhood-run radio. The host is a service provider at the industry, and he normally invites other retailers or Suwon locals to star as company in This system.|To make the most of each day vacation, I'd personally propose a pay a visit to for the Suwon Hwaseong Museum, which provides you with much more of the insight in to the Tale in the fortress.|Whether you are a history buff, a foodie, or simply a tech fanatic, Suwon has anything to captivate your pursuits and go away you with lasting Reminiscences. Approach your take a look at to Suwon and embark with a journey through South Korea?�s historic gem.|Dongbuk Nodae is among two crossbow platforms from the fortress and it is located within reach on the east gate and has a broad discipline of see mainly because it sits over a corner in the wall, enabling archers to focus on assailants from a lot of angles. North-East Crossbow System|The fortress is about an immense spot, but there?�s a tourist trolley that may carry you to definitely the main gates, the royal palace within and also the museum.|It is possible to browse a traditional Avenue industry, enjoy woodwork and metalwork demonstrations, and catch very well-produced demonstrates for horseback Driving, dance and all types of other seasonal events.|Meanwhile, Motgol Market place is famed for its tasty facet dishes. You?�ll get rid of observe of time just jumping from one particular market to another. |Along with the KBL's new "hometown" policy encouraging teams to own their household ground and instruction services situated in exactly the same vicinity, KT Sonicboom opted to relocate to Suwon. Its management headquarters and teaching amenities had been located in Suwon given that 2010.|While seasons in South Korea can be fairly Serious (with winters dropping considerably into the minuses and Summers achieving approximately forty levels Celsius), Suwon is a great spot to go to Anytime of year.|It?�s a well known mountaineering place for Koreans, and with steep hills and many ground to discover merely a stone?�s toss in the practice station, it?�s a terrific destination to take pleasure in lovely sights of town below whilst learning about Korea?�s prosperous history.|You will find there's different entrance payment to visit Hwaseong Haenggung, Even though You can even get a mixture ticket. I?�ll operate you thru those specifics in the subsequent segment.|Desperate to choose residence a wonderful Korean hanbok as being a souvenir? Head for the Yeongdong Marketplace as a substitute. No matter what you?�re on the hunt for, you?�ll extremely probably come across anything of fascination at Nammun Market place!|Hwaseong is the main focus of many performances and festivals. Almost all of the performances arise within the sq. in front of Haenggung and therefore are as comply with.|The northern h2o gate, referred to as Hwahongmun or even the Buksumun floodgate, is particularly Distinctive due to the ornately decorated creating higher than it, together with the adjacent pavilion and pond.|Retaining check out about the river is an elegant wood pavilion, which was armed with cannons and could be fortified in case of sieges.|When you depart the palace, you?�ll choose to climb up a tad to visit Daeseungwon, or as Autumn and I called it, the giant gold Buddha statue. You could see it from the principle palace courtyard, that?�s how significant it truly is!}
home To ease one?�s concerns?? that's the fragile name that temples use for restrooms.|Or else, I'd endorse location apart the majority of the working day, not dashing while you walk around the wall, and observing a few of the other matters in Suwon Whilst you?�re below.|Suwon is renowned for its abundant culinary heritage, that is deeply tied to its history and society. This South Korean city is well known for Suwon galbi, a sort of Korean barbecue. Having said that, we will exclude cow-based mostly dishes as per the request. Historically, the location's Delicacies has become affected by the varied dynasties which have dominated Korea, and also the city's proximity to Seoul.|This shopping mall homes a wide variety of items, from cosmetics to Digital items. In addition, it has a roof garden and cultural centre on the best flooring, along with a number of YouTube studios and also a food items court.|Suwon?�s traditional marketplaces offer a glimpse into local everyday living and culinary traditions. Notable marketplaces incorporate:|To encourage advancement, he ordered people to maneuver to Suwon at considerable expenditure and exempted them from taxes for ten yrs. King Jeongjo also requested general public operates, such as the making of educational services to raised facilitate town as being a cash.|The investigation and enhancement centre and headquarters for Samsung Electronics are dependent at a sprawling campus inside the east of Suwon, where there?�s a worthwhile museum in regards to the past and way forward for the corporation.|Listed here, you?�ll look for a crowded street of many outlets promoting attire and accessories, arcades, karaoke joints, countless food stuff choices from rapid meals favourites to upscale dining establishments to Avenue meals carts.|). The serene environment is the ultimate resting spot for King Jeongjo and his spouse, Queen Hyoui. Through the king?�s ask for, his father?�s and mom?�s continues to be were being moved in this article. Supplied the king?�s wide legacy on Korea, it?�s a fitting conclusion.|Janganmun's stone base is capped using a two-storey wooden pavilion. A small, semi-circular protecting wall referred to as an ongseong, is situated outside the house the gate. The gate was ruined within the Korean War and reconstructed while in the seventies. North Gate|The majority of the short term palace was destroyed but a restoration job commenced in 1996, opening in 2003, and now there are Plenty of items to discover at Hwaseong Haenggung. It may choose a minimum of half-hour (or even more) to wander through and see each of the rooms.|Another option with community transportation from Seoul will be to catch bus 1007 from Jamsil station or bus 3000 from Gangnam station, which can just take you on to the fortress.|Staff Welfare: The intricate capabilities features for example Conditioning facilities, cafes, and recreational regions for employees.|Suwon is really a regularly underrated travel destination, nevertheless, for those who?�re viewing Korea to immerse you from the state?�s stunning history and lifestyle, then this metropolis is a superb location to go to!| Considerably on the stone wall, some 6 kilometers (three.7 miles) extended, is still intact, and any one seeking a full tour within the palace usually takes a small electric powered prepare that goes across the entire fortress. Strolling the whole length requires well around two hours, according to palace workforce. In the Yeonmudae Post In the palace, visitors can test their hand at archery amid the open fortress fields and, if some time is correct, see considered one of the standard performances.|Resource: Jun_Oem / shutterstockGalbi Suwon is a large gui town, which can be food items cooked at a conventional cafe with a grill with the centre from the table.|There is also a nearby museum, open Tuesday to Sunday in between nine am and six pm, which guests can enter for a little rate. It explores the history in the fortress, exhibiting architectural ideas and maps, for many who want To find out more background info on the fortress??development.|This city is property to a lot of cafés and teahouses that provide a stress-free ambiance along with a style of community beverages and desserts. Noteworthy spots contain:|The composition was built by King Jeongjo and was originally meant to function a political base in addition to a tomb for his father. Even if this impressive construction was made over the Joseon Dynasty, it still manages to face tall now. |King Jeongjo began work on Suwon Hwaseong Fortress in 1794 to construct the big partitions and defensive towers to surround his father?�s tomb together with other new political properties. It took two a long time to assemble and was concluded in 1796.|That reservoir has a fascinating Tale as it absolutely was excavated to produce h2o to paddy fields during the 18th century under Jeongjo of Joseon.|Suwon offers a nice escape in the non-cease city life of Seoul, whilst still getting exceptionally accessible within the subway and so an inexpensive and easy day out.}
[eighteen] Prior to the official relocation, the gamers needed to be bussed down the many strategy to Busan to Engage in its so-termed "home" games there. To begin with KT experienced sought to relocate the crew's facilities and possess their gamers transfer to Busan but determined against it just after failing to succeed in an arrangement Using the Busan nearby government.[19] hometown?? a sign of how King Jeongjo considered Suwon.|Along with a great site in addition to a colourful style and design, Le Méridien Seoul Myeongdong also has gorgeous views and a stunning pool.|The state examinations and banquet with the lousy (around the celebration of Woman Hong's 61st birthday) were being held listed here.|Numerous buses depart from Suwon station and quit suitable outdoors the various gates and entrances from the fortress, bearing in your mind that the fortress is really an enormous composition that circles the entire with the previous metropolis.|When you e book a lodge or tour that we website link to, we may generate a Fee. The money on the Gyeonggi Province lies towards the south with the gigantic Seoul Metropolitan Space, and its oldest neighbourhoods are enclosed through the partitions of Hwaseong Fortress.|Resource: Johnathan21 / shutterstockYeonmudae (Dongjandae) On large floor up a few tiers of actions involving the east gate (Changryongmun ) and Hwahongmun can be an observation submit which was arrange in 1795.|Should you?�re hungry, be sure to attempt the Wang Galbi, marinated the exact same way as Galbi, this is a bigger Slice of meat, rendering it a wonderful alternative if you need to replenish on this delicious deal with!|Should you Keep to the river to the main bridge (it?�s established a ground below the road), flip appropriate to go in direction of Haenggung-dong Mural Village Haenggung-dong Mural Village. It?�s a little but incredibly lovable space and a nice destination to relax following walking all along the wall.|The culture minister will Individually visit Every of the 100 selected spots throughout 2024 and 2025 to introduce Korea?�s hidden gems and uncover just what the central government can perform to assist unfold the tourism wealth. The Korea JoongAng Day-to-day might be accompanying the minister on his journeys. Hwaseong Haenggung in Suwon, Gyeonggi [NEWS1]|If you need a look at of anything from your sizzling air balloon?�s placement, then it?�s about eighteen,000 KRW for Older people. I?�m style of curious now to view how the town views differ!|Farther along the ridge line will be the putting Seobuk Gongsimdon observation tower. The highly effective 3-story stone and brick edifice is peppered with holes for cannons and archers.|Beside the non permanent palace, You might also be interested while in the Suwon Museum of Art, a single of four areas in town where the establishment incorporates a gallery Room.|The area now corresponding to Suwon continues to be inhabited since at latest the early Bronze Age. Artifacts from that interval to your early Iron Age are actually observed in the area, and include objects which include pottery, sculpture, and arrowheads.|Though much of your Hwaseong Fortress is integrated into town of Suwon and accessible 24 hrs each day, it does have Formal opening several hours when anything is offered.|It absolutely was initially created so as to guard the King?�s temporary palace or Hwaseong Haenggung Palace, so there?�s some truly attractive historical architecture to become seen in this article.|He wasn?�t effective in going the money, but Suwon has become deemed an important metropolis in Korea and Suwon Hwaseong is without doubt one of the top rated points to see.|Hwaseong Haenggung is a substantial complicated of accommodation and official structures that may be known as a ??temporary|short-term|short term|momentary|non permanent} palace?? meaning it?�s not the king?�s Formal home.|When he wasn't in residence it absolutely was used by his delegated official being a foundation of presidency. Haenggung was also useful for a 60th birthday party for King Jeongjo's mother, Princess Hong of Hyegyeonggung, elderly citizens' feasts and national examinations.|Suwon was purported to be the funds town throughout the Joseon Dynasty, and the city walls measuring Practically 6km prolonged were being built in anticipation of going the royal court down south. Nonetheless, People plans never ever very arrived to fruition and Suwon was left having a UNESCO Earth Heritage Web site.|Hwaseong Fortress is in the big town of Suwon, about 30 kilometres south of central Seoul. The fortress is around the center of town, about two kilometres from the main teach station.|The usage of brick being a making material with the fortress and work of economical pulleys and cranes were being also due to impact of Silhak.[two]|This series depicts the 1795 procession organized by King Jeongjo for the 60th birthday of his mother, Lady Hyegyeong, that also commemorated the 60th birthday of his deceased father, Prince Sado.[23]|This higher-tech complex is usually a hub of innovation and technological progression, contributing drastically to Suwon?�s modern day identity. Highlights consist of:|When you?�re travelling over a price range, This is often definitely the best choice, because it should only Price around two,000 won for getting below (that?�s lower than $two USD) - not undesirable for each day vacation to another town!If you select to consider this method of transport, something which you ought to pay attention to is the fact that line one particular branches into two distinct Instructions as it heads south.|Hwahongmun, usually called Buksumun, could be the gate below which the Suwoncheon flows on moving into the area encompassed by Hwaseong and exited by Namsumun.}
A comparison in between these panels and a army map in the Fortress is attention-grabbing: the main target from the courtroom painters seems more directed towards literati worries (e.
The town of Filial Piety??commenced its humble roots as a small community in the ancient occasions and it has formulated into a vital industrial hub, household on the electronics company powerhouse Samsung.|Seobuk Gangnu, struggling with a hill generally known as Sukjisan, will be the lookout post straight away anti-clockwise from Hwaseomun. With considerably less of a wide subject of check out than from the opposite aspect of your gate, it can be shorter compared to the gongsimdon a brief distance for the north-east. The pavilion's floor flooring is equipped with an underneath-floor heating program. North-West Pavilion|What would you are doing In case the heir to the throne was a serial murderer and rapist who showed no indications of halting? Oh, and simply to insert inside a twist, no one ??not even the king ??is permitted to damage him.|The fortress was created with a scientific precision for the 18th century, and in many cases the tiniest particulars have been recorded during the Hwaseong Seongyeok Uigwe document of 1801, that has furnished the right reference for restorations.|Suwon is a safe town with very low crime costs, but vacationers should really nevertheless acquire typical precautions. Observing neighborhood customs and etiquette, including eradicating shoes just before getting into residences and respecting own space, will ensure a pleasing practical experience.|King Jeongjo also planned to prevent the factional divisions that were threatening to tear apart his government (and might have led on the Loss of life of his father).|As This is a place noted for historical internet sites rather then mother nature, The great thing about town continues to be Pretty much consistent throughout the seasons because of the stunning architectural sights that stand right here.|The mountain was selected since it experienced superior geomantic Attributes (Basically, its condition and placement were considered to provide fantastic fortune). Although the mountain was also to be used as a single facet of the fortress, presenting extra all-natural defences.|Truly, Gwanggyo Lake Park is a stunning destination to take a peaceful stroll in refreshing mother nature. The autumn foliage below will bless your eyes. On top of that, the park stands out for its Beautiful night sights and romantic ambiance when the world is illuminated with distinct colors in the evening. |But King Jeongjo had been so proud of his new metropolis that he had questioned for records to generally be set collectively of the way it had been built.|Store until you fall at Lotte Department Keep Suwon. As among the largest chain department shops in South Korea, this Lotte branch in Suwon offers several brands, the two domestic and international, providing many different cosmetics, sweet trend accessories, beautiful outfits, and in some cases home appliances. |I?�ll be trustworthy ??for some explanation, I thought the fortress was just a small framework, and I wouldn?�t truly be amazed by it following observing Seoul?�s palaces and about one million temples through the entire state. |Nonetheless, Goldbank's instability at corporate amount meant the crew was often neglected to the point the place that they had no long lasting schooling facility and needed to teach and follow at municipal or College-owned gymnasiums and gamers' lodging had been significantly faraway from their home ground.[8]|Suwon is actually a town that wonderfully balances its loaded historical heritage with modern day innovation. With the majestic Hwaseong Fortress as well as cultural vibrancy of conventional markets on the technological prowess of Samsung Digital Metropolis, this metropolis features a various and enriching vacation experience.|Beside Haenggung, built in 1801, is Hwaryeongjeon, a shrine housing the portraits King Jeongjo. It had been Jeongjo's unfulfilled desire to build this tiny advanced, so it absolutely was created in the 1st calendar year of King Sunjo's reign in his honour.|On times with significant rain the wing-formed roof will cause h2o to cascade, in the phenomenon often known as Significant Hen Falls, and that is considered to point very good luck with the Bluewings??additional superstitious lovers.|This museum is a bit diverse in that it is unfold throughout 4 unique spots, which includes Hwaseong Haenggung Palace Square, Pajang-dong, Art Place Gwanggyo, and Manseok Park, and each area features An array of one of a kind and breathtaking artworks, rendering it a great way to spend a while on an artwork tour!|Haenggung, meaning detached palace, is a palace crafted throughout the walls of Hwaseong to deal with King Jeongjo when he was faraway from his palace in Seoul worshipping at his father's tomb.|The entire site of Hwaseong Fortress handles a fair bit of space in Suwon, with a significant wide variety of different capabilities. It will get a whole day to cover many of the points to see at Hwaseong Fortress ??Whilst you can obtain to each of the highlights in fewer time than that.|This ceremony can be a reconstruction of that which was held in Hwaseong inside the 1790s by the royal guards who had been promoted into the placement of hunryeon dogam, meaning instruction guards. There have been twelve thousand guards housed in Korea's greatest armed service camp. When King Jeongjo moved his father's entire body to Hwasan in Suwon in 1789 he named the tomb Hyeonryungwon and deployed troopers from this camp to guard the new internet site.|The gate has the obvious purpose of being a bridge, and also housed cannons for defensive functions. The Suwoncheon was widened at this stage and the gate has seven arches by which it passes. Hwahongmun|The new group participated from the inaugural KBL season, which started in February 1997.[three] As a comparatively new franchise sponsored by a more compact company enterprise, the Nasan Flamans did not have star players of that period, nor did they may have the monetary methods to lure the largest names like some in their counterparts.[one] It had been among the list of couple of franchises whose gamers weren't picked for your 1998 Asian Online games, While certainly one of the higher-regarded gamers from that period was long term South Korea nationwide group coach Kim Sang-shik, the no cost toss share chief for the 1997??98|ninety eight} period.|You don?�t need to go your entire duration, which can acquire up to 2 several hours if you?�re halting to find out points together how. But I'd personally suggest planning to at the very least the Buksumun floodgate. From there, you may cut back along the stream, throughout the 수원룸싸롱 metropolis, to in which you started off.|Map from the fortress Hwaseong Fortress was created around a two-and-a-50 %-calendar year period, from 1794 to 1796 based on the patterns with the architect Jeong Yakyong, who'd afterwards turn into a renowned chief with the Silhak movement. Silhak, which implies sensible Understanding, encouraged using science and marketplace, and Jeong included fortress layouts from Korea and China as well as up to date science into his strategies.|An admission ticket will established you back 1, 500KRW, as well as a guard ceremony characteristics on the front gate on Sundays in the course of the months among April and October.|The western gate, called the Hwaseomun Gate, has just just one Tale tower previously mentioned the stone entrance, which also includes a crescent-shaped wall all-around it.}
The fortress, completed in 1796, showcases innovative army architecture and engineering procedures, reflecting the king?�s eyesight for a modern and fortified city.
Hwaseong seongyeok uigwe A white paper, Hwaseong Seongyeok Uigwe (Documents of Hwaseong Fortress Development), was printed in 1801, Soon after the Dying of King Jeongjo. It's 10 volumes and proved priceless for that reconstruction hard work in 1970 after the fortress were seriously ruined throughout the Korean War. The volumes were being divided by matter, with the 1st covering the designs for constructing, together with blueprints and a summary of supervisors.
In contrast to the opposite two japanese turrets, the outer corners of this structure are rounded, the Many others forming sharp suitable angles. East Turret No. 2}